Everything about Ekman Layer totally explained
In standard
boundary-layer theory, the effects of
viscous diffusion are usually balanced by convective
inertia. When a fluid rotates, however, the dominant balance may instead be struck between diffusion effects and the
Coriolis force. Under these circumstances we're dealing with an
Ekman layer, named after
Vagn Walfrid Ekman.
In addition to enforcing the zero
velocity condition at the wall, these Ekman layers can also control long-range properties of the
flow. A classical illustration is given by the everyday experience of how a cup of tea returns to rest after stirring. We might model this from the decay of the rigid body motion through dissipative effects, which reach out from the stationary sides of the cup over a diffusion timescale
»
where vertical flow velocities are reduced to zero. In a highly non-linear regime where the change of rotation rate is substantial, resulting in a non-negligible
Rossby number, the Stewartson layers can become detached from the side walls and propagate into the core flow.
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